After a divorce, both parents often pursue different endeavors, which may involve seeking new career opportunities or exploring new interests while moving on with their separate lives. However, the fact remains that addressing certain matters after a divorce, such as child custody and visitation, is easier when both ex-spouses remain in the same locale.
Addressing relocation with a child after a divorce is best done with the help of a qualified New York City child custody lawyer who has extensive knowledge of how each parent’s individual circumstances can affect the case. At Juan Luciano Divorce Lawyer, our top-rated child custody attorneys can provide quality assistance to parents in need of skilled legal help, such as clarifying what not to do during a child custody case. To learn more about how we can assist with your relocation, contact us today at (212) 537-5859 to schedule a consultation.
Joint Custody and Relocation in New York
When parents share custody of their children, rules on relocation may vary from state to state. In New York, there is no specific set distance in which a parent may be allowed to move with their child or not. New York’s family court judges custody orders and relocation matters on a case-to-case basis depending on the child’s best interests. In addition to the child’s best interests, disruptions to visitations may also be an important factor the court will consider.
The subject of relocation after a divorce may be included by the spouses in their divorce agreement or their custody arrangement. Either the judge orders that both parents remain in a specific geographical region – such as within a borough or New York City – or both parents agree to the limitation. If the custody order does not address the matter of relocation, the custodial parent can petition the court for permission to relocate.
It is best to inform your co-parent if you have any intention of relocating along with your child. Working with your co-parent to address visitation and a new parenting time arrangement may increase the chances of the court approving your relocation. It is unwise to antagonize your co-parent especially when you share custody of your child. Ultimately, when deciding on whether to approve the relocation, the court may take into account the following conditions:
- The reasons of each parent for petitioning for the relocation and for fighting against the relocation
- How the relocation would impact the child’s current communication with the non-custodial parent, relatives, and other established relationships – in the case of siblings the family court would prefer not to separate siblings whenever possible
- How the relocation would impact the child’s well-being and quality of life should it push through
- The quality of the child’s relationship with their parents
- Whether the child would be able to maintain a good relationship with the non-custodial parent through a visitation arrangement
- The child’s preference, if they are mature enough to give an opinion
- Both parents’ ability to work together in co-parenting their child
Getting the confirmation of the non-custodial parent that they agree to the relocation or securing a court order from the family court approving the move is the most appropriate action when dealing with the matter of relocating with a child.
| Factors Considered for Child Relocation | Details |
|---|---|
| Reasons for Relocation | Courts assess the motives behind the relocation request. This could include job opportunities, family support, or other significant reasons. |
| Impact on Communication | Courts analyze how the move might impact visitation schedules, communication methods, and the child’s ability to maintain relationships with key people in their life. |
| Impact on Child’s Well-being | Courts consider factors such as changes in schools, healthcare access, and the overall living environment and assess how these changes could impact the child’s well-being. |
| Quality of Child’s Relationships | Judges evaluate the child’s relationship with each parent, including the emotional bond, involvement, and the level of support provided. |
| Maintaining Non-custodial Parent Relationship | Courts assess the feasibility of visitation schedules and whether they can support a meaningful relationship between the child and the non-custodial parent. |
| Child’s Preference | Depending on the child’s age and maturity, their wishes regarding the relocation may be taken into account, but it’s subject to the court’s discretion. |
| Co-parenting Ability | Judges evaluate the willingness and ability of both parents to cooperate and facilitate a healthy co-parenting relationship, which is vital for the child’s well-being. |
How Far Can a Parent Move With Joint Custody in New York?
In New York, a parent with joint custody cannot move far without court approval if the relocation significantly impacts the child’s relationship with the other parent. Courts consider factors such as the child’s best interests, parental motives, and the impact on visitation. Moving a short distance may not require approval, but major relocations typically do.
Legal Steps for Relocating With a Child in New York
Relocating with a child in New York involves several legal steps that custodial parents must follow to comply with family law. When planning a move, the custodial parent must provide the non-custodial parent with written notice at least 60 days before relocating. This notice should include the relocation date, the new address, and the reasons for moving. This step is crucial for maintaining transparency and respecting the rights of the non-custodial parent.
Furthermore, the custodial parent must be prepared to show that the relocation is in the child’s best interests. Factors such as improved educational opportunities, access to family support, or a more secure living environment can justify the move. It is essential to evaluate the potential impact on the child’s emotional and mental well-being, as well as their relationship with the other parent.
If the other parent objects to the move, the custodial parent may need to file a petition to modify the child custody or visitation agreement. This legal action requires serving the other parent with the petition, who then has the opportunity to respond. If the matter proceeds to court, both parties may need to present their cases, and a judge will make a decision based on the child’s best interests.
When both parents can communicate and negotiate effectively, reaching a mutual agreement on the relocation terms is preferable. This collaborative approach helps maintain stability for the child and preserves parental relationships after divorce. Consulting a New York City child custody lawyer can provide guidance and representation throughout this process, ensuring compliance with all legal requirements and prioritizing the child’s welfare.
Impact on Child Support Obligations
Regardless of how near or how far the move would be, parents who are required to pay child support through an order would need to continue paying child support. The Interstate Child Support Unit has the authority to modify and enforce existing child support orders from another state or another country. The Law Department also has the ability to continue garnishing wages from a non-paying parent and can charge a payor parent with nonpayment of child support which can result in a criminal conviction.
Nonpayment of child support is punishable by law in New York under NY Penal Law § 260.05. If a parent is unable to pay child support without a valid reason or has purposely rendered themselves unable to pay child support through not maximizing their wage-earning capacity, they may be charged with criminal nonpayment. If a parent is convicted twice of nonpayment of child support, the maximum penalties they can receive is a prison sentence of up to 4 years and 5 years in probation. Nonpayment of child support in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor while a first-degree conviction is a class E felony.
If Your Co-Parent Objects to the Move
New York family courts typically do not allow a custodial parent to move with the child to another state without the consent of the noncustodial parent or a court order. In such cases, it may be possible that the court would require that the child spend some of their time, such as their summers, with the noncustodial parent, and the rest of their year with the custodial parent. Additional requirements such as the child communicating more frequently through phone calls or video conferences with the noncustodial parent may also be imposed.
This is not to say that the noncustodial parent’s parental rights have less weight than the custodial parent’s. In the case where parents share joint custody, each parent will still have the same decision-making responsibilities or legal custody regardless of who is in physical custody.
Moving Out Of State With Your Child With No Custody Agreement
Moving to a different state can significantly impact a child’s life. This is why the courts thoroughly review every request for relocation on an individual basis. They meticulously evaluate all relevant circumstances and information to ensure that the child’s best interests are the top priority during the move.
The fundamental guideline regarding relocation is as follows: if a parent with custody of a minor child intends to move to another state or to a location that would substantially hinder the non-relocating parent’s ability to spend time with the child, the relocating parent must first seek the consent of the other parent or any other party with custodial rights over the child. Additionally, they may be required to obtain a court order granting permission for the child’s relocation.
Understanding the legal aspects of moving out of state when there’s a solid custody agreement can already be quite challenging. However, when there is no existing court order in place, navigating the process becomes even more complex. In situations where no court order exists, and you plan to relocate out of state with your child, it becomes crucial to negotiate with your co-parent or former spouse. Typically, this situation often results in court intervention, where a judge will carefully consider the child’s best interests in determining the outcome. An attorney, in such circumstances, can be invaluable as they can provide legal guidance, help you understand your rights, and advocate on your behalf during court proceedings.
If you’re considering moving out of state with your child and have no custody agreement in place, it is crucial to seek guidance from an experienced New York City child custody lawyer. Juan Luciano Divorce Lawyer understands the challenges of child custody matters. We can provide the legal guidance and support you need to address the legal intricacies while protecting your parental rights and the best interests of your child. Contact us today to schedule a consultation.
What Should Be Expected in Relocation Hearings?
Relocation hearings determine whether a custodial parent can move with a child. Expect discussions on the child’s best interests, parental rights, and the impact of relocation. Judges consider school stability, family ties, and proposed visitation schedules. Parents must present evidence supporting or opposing the move before a court decision is made.
Parents requesting to be granted relocation rights may take the opportunity to present any information that would support the move such as why the new community would be beneficial for the child and the impact of the relocation to the existing order. The court may deny a petition if there are grounds that the noncustodial parent’s visitation would be severely diminished as a result of the move. But, if the parents are in agreement and have plans to retain the relationship despite the distance, the court may be more likely to approve.
If the court decides that the move is not in the child’s best interests and the custodial parent is not willing to give up relocating, they may ultimately decide on a change of physical custody. Custody of the child may be awarded to the current noncustodial parent and any existing child support order may also be modified in light of the change in custody.
New York’s family courts decide child custody and visitation cases based on their unique circumstances. Working with an experienced New York child custody attorney is crucial in determining your rights and responsibilities and navigating the process of petitioning to relocate with your child. If you’re a noncustodial parent, an attorney can also help in defending your visitation rights and presenting your objections to the relocation in court.
At Juan Luciano Divorce Lawyer, seasoned New York family law attorney Juan Luciano and his team have helped many families deal with divorce. From its initial stages to post-divorce order modifications, our firm provides quality legal assistance and representation to defend our clients’ rights. We serve diligently to bring an efficient yet dignified solution to the cases we handle. Contact us today at (212) 537-5859 to speak with one of our experienced New York City child custody lawyers.
